Intercultural Communication Through Humor Essay - 1345 Words

I delve into this research project hoping to acquire more information about humor and language. What makes some things funny and others not? How much of humor is based on culture or intellectual development? What I found was that no one really knows these answers yet. What there has been research on is humor and communication. To narrow my focus further, I chose to examine research papers relating specifically to intercultural communication through humor. I picked two studies to analyze which cover opposite ends of the intercultural humor spectrum. One suggests the best ways to use humor with a non-native speaker and the other discuses ways that intercultural humor can be seen as racist and disrespectful. Bell (2007) reports her†¦show more content†¦The NS and L2 also try to contextualize the joke and let people know it is supposed to be funny by adding signals such as laughing or smiling. They found that in these intercultural situations, unintentionally hurtful jokes caus ed by a misunderstanding are often understood as such and not acknowledged as rude. Bell pointed out that although there are â€Å"gaps in the cultural and linguistic knowledge† from both sides of the dialog, the L2 is not necessarily at a disadvantage in the conversation (p.38). Everyone instinctually aims to understand and be understood by whomever they are joking with, which evens the conversational playing field drastically. Bell’s paper was over twenty pages of methodically written research analysis. Although none of it was funny- including the â€Å"joking† conversations it cataloged- it did state many interesting points. This information could be relevant to teaching ESL through humor, but overall not something I think necessitates a detailed case study. All of the information gathered in her research could be found from simple observations from anyone with the urge to do so. Many of the points made in Bell’s research are true but could additional ly be applied to any two acquaintances, no matter what their backgrounds are. The need to avoid potentially harmful topics holds particularly true in a professional settingShow MoreRelated The Effect of Cultural Difference on Intercultural Marriage Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Cultural Difference on Intercultural Marriage As the world integrates, more and more people are leaving their mother lands to visit, study and work overseas. Young people now have more opportunities to meet prospective partners from other cultures than they had in the past. â€Å"The number of intercultural couples is increasing worldwide.† (Klein, par.3) Many intercultural couples claim that their relationships do not differentiate from monoculture relationships at first. PassionateRead MoreIntercultural Communication1648 Words   |  7 PagesIntercultural Communication August 21, 2013â€Æ' The example of poor intercultural communication between the United States of America and Mexico is how the communication significantly affected foreign policy and international commerce between the two countries. Mexico is a country of intercultural significance and neighbors the United States of America. The United States of America is traditional and within the country, many cultures exist. The work ethic and language, within intercultural communicationRead MoreThe Right Kind Of Care795 Words   |  4 PagesRight Kind of Care Cultural identities and our personalities affect our perceptions. There’s a tendency to favor others who exhibit cultural or personality traits that match up with our own. Effective communication with people of different cultures can be especially challenging. Intercultural communication occurs when a member from one culture produces a message that absorbed by a member of another culture. As stated by (Jandt, 2015), â€Å"human perception is usually thought of as a three-step process ofRead MoreAnalysis Report: Communicative Competence884 Words   |  4 Pagesin communication and language especially in the written language. The background of the communication, for example when the conversation between Grace and Sarah many such features like implicature, linguistic code and the language level can be assessed. Before that can be done it is important that the fact that nonverbal communications may influence and understanding of the conversation may largely depend on the underst anding of the nonverbal communications. There are nonverbal communications thatRead MoreEssay about Intercultural Communication Barriers1559 Words   |  7 Pagesyears ago. Today, both culture and communication have evolved considerably and have become interdependent of one another, to the point that communication is considered to be a product of culture. Thus, our own culture has a deep impact on our thoughts and behaviors. Since each culture has its distinct aspects, intercultural communication can be the cause of conflict and disorder. There are three main issues which are at the root of the problem of intercultural miscommunication : language as a barrierRead More Problems In Intercultural Communication Essay1542 Words   |  7 PagesProblems In Intercultural Communication Humans have been communicating since four million years. On the other hand, the birth of culture is estimated to have taken place about 35,000 years ago. Today, both culture and communication have evolved considerably and have become interdependent of one another, to the point that communication is considered to be a product of culture. Thus, our own culture has a deep impact on our thoughts and behaviors. Since each culture has its distinct aspects,Read MoreCross-Cultural in Outsourced Film1117 Words   |  5 PagesEarly in our nations history, white settlement of the Americas began a long-standing tradition of misunderstanding and hostility between Native American tribes and United States society. Intercultural communication barriers lent themselves to assumptions and intolerance, which led to warfare, bloodshed, and the eventual destruction of an entire cultures traditional ways of life. Today, stereotypical representations of the cowboys and Indians of the 1800s continue to perp etuate hurtful misconceptionsRead MoreIntercultural Communication of American Tv Series in China6643 Words   |  27 Pages ç› ®Ã¯ ¼Å¡ ç ¾Å½Ã¥â€° §Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¥â€º ½Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¨ · ¨Ã¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"ä ¼  Ã¦â€™ ­Ã¦â‚¬ Ã¨â‚¬Æ' Ã¥ §â€œ Ã¥  Ã¯ ¼Å¡ Ã¥ º ·Ã¤ ¿Å Ã¨Å  ³ Ã¥ ­ ¦ Ã¥  ·Ã¯ ¼Å¡ 200903010104 ç ³ » åˆ «Ã¯ ¼Å¡ Ã¥ ¤â€"è ¯ ­Ã§ ³ » ä ¸â€œ ä ¸Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å¡ è‹ ± è ¯ ­ Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã§ º §Ã§  ­Ã§ º §Ã¯ ¼Å¡ 2009ç º §3ç  ­ æÅ'‡å ¯ ¼Ã¦â€¢â„¢Ã¥ ¸Ë†Ã¯ ¼Å¡ 刘ä ¿Å Ã¦  ° Cross-cultural communication of American TV Series in China –illustrated be the example of The Big Bang Theory Submitted by kang Junfang Student ID number (200903010104) Supervised by (Liu Junjie) A paper submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of BachelorRead MoreSummaries of Sherman Alexies What You Pawn I Will Redeem and Jhumpa Lahiris The Third and Final Continent663 Words   |  3 Pagesat one point why he is wasting his life away. However, the policeman a problem with addiction himself, in the form of sweets he shouldnt be eating because of his diabetes and weight problem. Although Jackson has a sharp sense of humor, he seems unable to follow through with anything. At the beginning of the story, when trying to redeem his grandmothers regalia from a pawn shop, the first thing he does is purchase liquid courage (alcohol) with the little money he possesses. But some of the moneyRead MoreCultural Differences in Joint Ventures3468 Words   |  14 Pagesnew, creative, destructive, or unexpected.6 The mental program is not absolute. It can change over time to react to new inputs and stimulus. If this were not the case, mutual understanding in intercultura l communication would not be possible7 . Not only does intercultural training enable communication in the procedural sense, it also gives us insight into the substance as well as the process.8Being more sensitive to the cultural variance between parties enable the expatriate to better understand

Melancholic Hamlet Essay - 1110 Words

Melancholic Hamletnbsp;nbsp; Hamlet is a melancholic young man who does not value human life; however, he will do anything it takes to accomplish his main goal: revenge on Claudius for the death of his father. In his seven soliloquies we learn that Hamlet has become melancholic, violent, and suicidal. There are several incidences where these emotions are expressed. His melancholic attitude is very apparent in the second scene of Act I, when he suggests that his mother, in mourning his fathers death, is simply acting the part of a grief stricken widow, while he is a truly heart broken son. Another example from his first soliloquy of his melancholic state occurs when he discovers the rapid marriage of his mother and his uncle, where†¦show more content†¦Hamlet’s melancholic emotions are very apparent throughout the play. When Hamlet states, ’Tis not alone my inky cloak, good mother, Nor customary suits of solemn black, Nor windy suspiration of forced breath, No, nor the fruitful river in the eye, Nor the dejected havior of the visage, Together with all forms, moods, shapes of grief, †¦/†¦/†¦/(Act I; ii ; 77-86) he is extremely melancholic because he realizes that his mother is simply acting the part of a grief stricken widow while he is truly a heart broken son. A second portrayal of his melancholic emotion is when he learns that his mother is going to marry his uncle. In this scene Hamlet is both mad and sad that his mother could move on so quickly, frailty, thy name is woman.(Act I; ii ; 146) These feelings of being mad and sad are also shown when he says, Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables. Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven.(Act I; ii ; 181-182) Here Hamlet is saying that he wishes that he had met his worst enemy in paradise than witness his mother’s wedding. Do to these events that occurred Hamlet became melancholic, however I feel that this emotion only motivated Hamlet to accomplish his goal. Hamlet’s violent behavior is obvious throughout the play. However he has a motive. His father was murdered and he wants revenge. An example of his violent attitude is when he sees the king kneeling in the chapel, Now might I do it pat, now ‘a isShow MoreRelatedAn author can reveal characteristics of characters in literature through several different methods.900 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent methods. Some common methods of characterization include one’s appearance, speech, thoughts, name, actions, and emotions. However, unconventional means can also be used, such as imagery, which is visually descriptive or figurative language. In Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, imagery is used to characterize central characters to the play. Firstly, Hamlet’s characteristics are revealed through the imagery of death in his speech. Secondly, Claudius’ characteristics are revealed through the imageryRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesHaml et, written by William Shakespeare, with out a doubt holds the most famous soliloquy in English history spoken by Hamlet in Act III, scene i, lines 57-90. This soliloquy holds much importance to the play as a whole because it ties together the reoccurring themes of suicide and Hamlet’s inaction portrayed by Shakespeare. Hamlet poses a problem, which is the driving force of the play: â€Å"To be or not to be?†(III.i.57). Shakespeare uses this logical question asked by Hamlet to drive out his underlyingRead More The Many Faces of Hamlet Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe Many Faces of Hamlet         Ã‚  Ã‚  Of all the characters in the play, Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the character of Hamlet is without a doubt the most complex. His emotions are never stable, his feelings are constantly changing, and his behavior is confusing and inconsistent. Hamlet is described as a half a dozen characters rolled into one (Shaw 344) and with as many adjectives in one sentence as cruel, angry, tender, depressed, clownish, manic, and filled with loathing for women, humanityRead MoreComparing Hamlet And Oedipus The King1263 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Hamlet, and Sophocles, Oedipus the King, both of the main characters conform to the same classic tragic hero formula. Oedipus suffers a life based on a pre†birth prophecy, whereas Hamlet finds himself burdened with the task of avenging his father’s death. In both situations, two kings must leave their innocence behind as the truth leads them first, to enlightenment and then to their downfall. They battle betwe en the light, the truth and the darkness, the lie. Both Hamlet and Oedipus areRead MoreUnderstanding Existentialism Essay864 Words   |  4 Pagesexistentialism. The dictionary defines existentialism as an individual’s experience filled with isolation in a hostile universe where a human being attempts to find true self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility. Hamlet is an existentialist character who believes that he is forced to avenge his father’s death and the hatred builds in his heart because of the many betrayals which direct him towards a senseless life and constant thoughts about suicide; this ultimatelyRead MoreThe Discourse Of Shakespeare s Hamlet ( Rough Draft )1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe Discourse of Dance in Shakespeare’s Hamlet (Rough Draft) Alan Brissenden, a noted dance critic and Shakespearean scholar, asserts that â€Å"when Shakespeare uses dance it always contributes to plot, character, or imagery, and sometimes to all of these at one time (â€Å"Jacobean† 249). In the comedies, dance is used in the first few acts of the play to create an atmosphere of dramatic irony: dance, in its fundamental purpose in the Elizabethan and Jacobean theater was to create a sense of harmony andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1474 Words   |  6 PagesBibliography There are no sources in the current document. Hamed Alanazi English 230 Dec 4, 2015 Hamlet Hamlet, a play written by William Shakespeare is very close to the dramatic conventions of the revenge in Elizabeth era. All the revenge conventions are used in Hamlet which made it a typical revenge play. Hamlet is one of those Elizabethan heroes considered themselves seriously mistreated by an influential figure with having a desire to avenge the crime against their family. Shakespeare learnedRead MoreHamlet and Archilles1101 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat costs for the victors. Hamlet is more of a personal tragedy that ends in defeat and death for all. The major players might seem like they could not be more distinct upon their face. But, in fact, the characters of Achilles and Hamlet have notable similarities. They are both ultimately spurred to their pivotal decisions and behaviors by the feeling of vengeance, connected to a strong feeling of duty and even a sense of piety. Yet, because Achilles is a soldier and Hamlet an intellectual prince, theirRead More Themes of Love and Reve nge in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pagesof Love and Revenge in Shakespeares Hamlet Love is one of the most powerful themes in Hamlet, but a superior force - REVENGE, drives Hamlets love. Revenge of his fathers murder. Hamlet is confused and melancholic over the fact that his mother married his own uncle and so quickly after his fathers death. Even though he does not immediately suspect foul play in his fathers untimely death, he is in a state of shock. As Kenneth Muir states, He (Hamlet) is profoundly shocked by GertrudesRead MoreProblems in the Revenge Tragedy: William Shakespeares Hamlet2646 Words   |  11 Pages Shakespeares Hamlet presents the generic elements found in Renaissance revenge tragedies (Revenge Tragedy). However, although Hamlet is a revenge tragedy by definition, Shakespeare complicates the basic revenge plot by creating three revenge plots out of one. By adding significant innovations, Shakespeare creates three concentric rings of revenge (Frye 90), depicting an indecisive protagonist who is an intellectual rather than a physical hero, an ambig uous ghost, and several problematic aspects

What Should Chateau Margaux Do Free Essays

What Should Chateau Margaux Do? Chateau Margaux, in Bordeaux region, has been the most splendid wines for many years with excellent reputation. Being the designated wine in the French State Banquet, the reputation is universal. There is limited room for the improvement of the brand images. We will write a custom essay sample on What Should Chateau Margaux Do? or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the rapid growth in the worldwide wine market, it is time for Chateau Margaux penetrating into it. China, one of the markets with rapid growth in economy, will be one of the best options. With the large population and growth in economy, the China wine market has expanded rapidly, especially for the wine in Bordeaux region. From the statistic from the China Wine Information Website, the import of wine from Bordeaux region has increased 82% in 2007 and soared 21 times in 8 years time. There is really a great opportunity for Chateau Margaux entering this huge potential market. In order to enter the China wine market, the top priority is to promote the brand and products. After cultivating in China market for years, French wines has become the pronoun of romance and elegance, and even the symbol of luxury. It is suggested that Chateau Margaux should set up a luxury store with wine cellar in China. The main purpose of the setting up is not selling wines in the stores, but increasing the publicity of the brand and products by holding different kinds of function. Since the first step is to let people know about Chateau Margaux, it is a good idea for Chateau Margaux inviting celebrities and wine critics to the open ceremony of the luxury store. Press conference can also be held to introduce Chateau Margaux to the public. This will be the stepping stone for Chateau Margaux entering the China market. As new to the China market, it is essential for Chateau Margaux taking part in some exhibitions and also wine tasting events, like the 2008China International Wine Liquor Expo. In participating in the 2008China International Wine Liquor Expo, which is the biggest wine professional exhibition in China, Chateau Margaux can let consumers know more about the products and even can take the benefits from the upcoming 2008 Beijing Olympic Game. However, during all the promoting functions, it is important to keep the image, â€Å"Chateau Margaux is a grand and luxury product† After promoting the brand and products to the public, Chateau Margaux should react quickly to suit with the China wine market. As most of the potential consumers in China are new to the high-end wine, they would like to know more information about the particular wine or even particular vintage, which is not included in the label of Chateau Margaux. A booklet introducing different Chateau Margaux wines will be published to let consumers have more in-depth information. Besides, it is possible for Chateau Margaux co-operating with China food enterprises since wine paired with food will be one of the ways to promote the products. Since the wine market in the rising economies countries like China increased so quickly, getting market shares in these places as quick as possible will promote the future growth of Chateau Margaux to the worldwide wine market. (521 words) How to cite What Should Chateau Margaux Do?, Papers

Anselm Kiefer Example For Students

Anselm Kiefer Biography Outline1 Biography2 Key Ideas in painting3 Famous paintings made by Anselm Kiefer4 Sculptures5 Photography Biography Anselm Kiefer is a German painter, sculptor, and photographer. He was born on March 8 in the small German town of Donaueschingen in 1945. He grew up in a teachers family. After receiving the certificate of maturity Kiefer entered in 1965 in the University of Freiburg, where he studied law and romance, but a year later moved to the Faculty of Arts. Investigating the topic of guilt of his generation, Kiefer became one of the first artists who openly turned to the themes of Nazism and the Holocaust. In 1980, Kiefer was among the artists who represented Germany at the Venice Biennale. Anselm Kiefer became the 1st artist to receive the World Book Trade Prize, as w ell as the Nobel Prize in the Arts Premium Imperiale, awarded by the Japan Art Association. In the next years, his exhibitions were held in numerous places: in Kunsthalle in Dà ¼sseldorf, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, the Royal Academy in London, the Grand Palais and the Pompidou Center in Paris. Anselm Kiefer is the only living artist whose works are part of the permanent collection of the Louvre. Since 1993, he lives and works in France, where he made the industrial laboratory a creative laboratory in the department of Gar. Key Ideas in painting Kiefers manner is often compared to Van Gogh. The artist often adds to the paint various elements like dust, small fragments of rusty metal, tree roots, dried flowers. Thus, each canvas turns into a verbose complicated story filled with meaning and, as a result, causes an emotional and psychological effect on the viewer. The artistic approach to history, religion, philosophy, and mysticism determines all of Kiefers work. The central themes of his works are the history and mythology of Germany, its national identity, as well as the legends of Scandinavia; all this Kiefer shows in his paintings in conjunction with the tragedy of th e Holocaust and still living ideas of Nazism. Famous paintings made by Anselm Kiefer In 2016, Anselm Kiefer, inspired by a visit to St. Petersburg, created a new exhibition project for the Hermitage. Kiefer introduced the canvases that he dedicated to the Russian futurist poet, the experimenter of word creation Velimir Khlebnikov. At the exhibition were presented about 30 new works specially created for this project. Here are some of them: One of the 30 works by Anselm Kiefer at the Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum. â€Å"1770 Chesma 1770-951=819 Normans in France† 1770 Chesma 1770-Aurora By the way, the Museum of the State Hermitage bought this work (Aurora) by Anselm Kiefer for almost 64 million rubles just over 1 million dollars. The picture was partly paid for by the money accumulated through donations. A canvas â€Å"Battles at Sea† by Anselm Kiefer, at June 27 was sold at the auction house, Phillips. The picture was created for six years, from 2004 to 2010 and its original cost was  £ 400-600 thousand. But in the end, the price was exceeded 4 times. Sculptures Not only is this artwork known to this talented person, but also sculptures and installations. Anselm created many sculptures dedicated to the cosmos. In 2002, for the Pirelli warehouses, the artist created a series of sculptures made up of cubes with doorways called Towers, which somehow resemble the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa, as they are also slightly inclined. Also, he created some works that masterly combine painting, sculpture, and installation. This is a kind of dialogue between modernity and the destructive past. .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5 , .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5 .postImageUrl , .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5 , .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5:hover , .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5:visited , .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5:active { border:0!important; } .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5:active , .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5 .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3f869dbd9eed05ce13a5b69ea7a18bd5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: RaphaelIn 2007, the triptych Anselm entered the permanent exhibition of the Louvre. It consists of the painting Athanor and two sculptures Danae and Hortus Conclusus. Photography The starting point in his work as a photographer was a series of photographs in 1969 in Galerie am Kaiserplatz, Karlsruhe under the title Besetzungen (Occupation). The artist withdrew himself in the uniform of an officer of the Third Reich with a Nazi salute in various cities of Europe, for which he was almost accused of sympathizing with Nazism.

Merger Between Daimler

Recommendations The failed merger between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler suggests that the integration of large corporations requires in-depth assessment of external risks and possible conflicts within an organization. Provided that these precautions are not taken, even very efficient companies can become stagnant. On the whole, it is possible to make several recommendations on the basis of this case.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Merger Between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First of all, the management of merged companies should not be too optimistic about the performance and profitability of their organizations. The thing is that the integration of large corporations is a very time-consuming process because it is necessary to align different cultures, production methods, performance appraisal techniques and so forth. This issue is particular important in those cases when business admi nistrators set timelines or develop schedules. The management of DaimlerChrysler expected significant revenues within several years, but these expectations were unrealistic. The problem is that unrealistic expectations often lead to panic and hasty decisions. For example, many Chrysler executives were fired only because DaimlerChrysler did not attain the expected financial goals. Such a strategy only increased the tensions within the organization. Prior to the merger, the management of companies should pay close attention to the competitive positions of each other and the trends that emerged in a certain market. For example, Daimler-Benz was an indisputable leader of the German car-manufacturing industry. Moreover, they believed that the partnership with Chrysler would give them access to the U.S. market. Yet, Chrysler faced significant competition from Ford as well Toyota. Again, this recommendation is related to the problem of unrealistic expectations set by corporate executives w ho expected that the merger would become successful almost immediately. The executives of such companies should find ways of reconciling various organizational cultures. It should be noted that Daimler-Benz and Chrysler had different polices regarding executive compensation, work styles and decision-making within the company. These differences resulted in many conflicts between the employees of these corporations.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their corporate executives should create a culture that appeal to the workers of a newly-created company. Under these circumstances, the HR managers of both companies should join their efforts and develop a set of policies related to compensation, evaluation of performance, and the structure of the new company. In this way, companies can avoid many potential conflicts. The managers of merged companies must ensure that different depa rtments or divisions of the organization can share resources, technologies or information. For instance, Chrysler did not receive any support from Daimler-Benz. Thus, corporate executives should eliminate the barriers that prevent different departments from cooperating with one another. These organizational policies were not developed in DaimlerChrysler. Business administrators should inform the employees about the future strategies and goals of an organization. The workers should now what is expected from them and how they are supposed to achieve these goals. The Chrysler employees never had an opportunity to interact with the management and discuss future activities of the organization. Many workers were not confident of their job security and this lack of certainty could adversely affect their performance. It should be noted that many former executives were fired because of satisfactory results and this influenced the overall morale with within the company. This is one of the rea sons why this merger was unsuccessful. The executives, who plan the merger of two organizations, should determine whether this partnership will be really a merger of equals. They have to decide which partner will play the leading role. The union of Daimler-Benz and Chrysler was described as the merger of equals, but this approach resulted in a great number of conflicts between the executives of the American and German divisions of DaimlerChrysler. At the very beginning, this issue was not properly addressed by the leaders of two corporations. Finally, business administrators should find ways of making large corporations less bureaucratic and hierarchical. In particular, they must ensure that workers can communicate with top executives of any organization.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Merger Between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This task is particular important for merged corpora tions like Chrysler and Daimler-Benz. This goal can be achieved by joining several departments and empowering workers. The managers of DaimlerChrysler did not do it. Conclusion On the whole, the merger of Daimler-Benz and Chrysler can be viewed as a valuable lesson for other companies that intend to merge with one another. Moreover, the recommendations put forward in this paper can be applicable to other industries, for instance, financial services sector, IT industry, manufacturing and so forth. Furthermore, the challenges described in this report are particularly relevant to large corporations that can be based in countries with legislation, work culture, language, and labor relations. In particular, this case illustrates the importance of reconciling different organizations, exchange of information between departments, and employee involvement. Furthermore, such a problem as unrealistic expectations can occur in various organizational settings. This is why the lessons of DaimlerC hrysler should be considered by the management of various organizations that are supposed to merge with one another; otherwise these companies will not attain their objectives. This report on Merger Between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler was written and submitted by user Jeram1ah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mitosis Versus Meiosis essays

Mitosis Versus Meiosis essays Mitosis and Meiosis are very different for many reasons. One reason being what they produce. Two being how they are produced. And three being what they both insure. Mitosis is different than Meiosis because of many things. The first thing would be that they produce different things. One thing that they produce differently would be that Mitosis produces body cells, also known as Somatic cells and Meiosis produces sex cells or Gametes. Mitosis produces only two daughter cells while meiosis produces four daughter cells. Another difference would be that Mitosis produces cells for growth and repair, while Meiosis produces cells for sexual reproduction. Mitosis and Meiosis are produced very differently. Instead of just the five main steps, Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase, Meiosis has not only those but an additional Interphase (II ), Prophase (II), Metaphase (II), Anaphase (II), and Telophase (II). Mitosis is produced to make cells for growth and repair and meiosis is produced to make cells for sexual reproduction. Those are two very different things because cells that grow and repair help to keep those cells that already exist healthy and happy while the reproduction is used for making more cells. Mitosis and Meiosis both insure different things like Mitosis insures that all daughter cells are genetically identical, while Meiosis insures that it will generate genetic diversity through the crossing over and random separation of homologous pairs of chromosomes. Mitosis also has a difference in metaphase. In metaphase the chromosomes line up singly. In meiosis metaphase I the chromosomes line up as homologous pairs. The two double chromosomes are called a tetrad when they are lined up side by side, the crossing over occurs during the tetrad. Also there is a difference in the nuclear division of the two. In mitosis there is only one nuclear division while in meiosis there ...

Just answer the fellowing questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Just answer the fellowing questions - Essay Example Although most of the raw materials used by Samsung are manufactured in South Korea, the company also imports materials from other countries most notably the US. The company has a factory in Texas that manufactures semiconductors that are also used in the production of Apples’ iPhones and iPads. Once the product is assembled, it is packed and shipped to various Samsung wholesale stores. Retailers purchase the product from these stores before selling it to the consumer. On 1st December 2014, the New York Times published an article that highlighted China’s resolve to deny British MPs entry to Hon Kong. According to the article, the government of China has taken this step because of concerns over British attitude toward the ongoing protests in Hong Kong. Britain, on the other hand, feels that it has a responsibility of overseeing a democratic ruling of Hong Kong as per the provisions of the 1984 agreement between China and Britain (Perlez 1). The author of the article avoids adopting an orientalist explanation by withholding his opinion. To achieve this, the author focuses on reporting the situation with little evaluation. The author, therefore, leaves it to his readers to make a decision on whether the government of China is right to deny British MPs entry to Hong Kong. Orientalism is however evidenced by British lawmakers resolve to be allowed entry to Hong Kong. Terming the action by the Chinese government as â€Å"overtly confrontational, † Mr. Ottaway, a British lawmaker, does not seem to believe in China’s ability to handle the protests in Hong Kong (Perlez 1). Germany is one of the largest countries in Europe in terms of geographic area and population. Its neighbors include among other countries Belgium and France. While Germany’s international boundary with Belgium is relatively streamlined with little meanders, the country’s boundary with France seems to advance into Germany’s territory. One of the possible

Evaluating compliance of chemotherapy administration safety standards Research Paper

Evaluating compliance of chemotherapy administration safety standards of practice in anoncology day centre - Research Paper Example The Alfred Health Department of Haematology and Oncology day Care Unit observed the need to reduce the occurrence of and minimize risk of errors while increasing efficiency of services to its chemotherapy patients. With regard to this need, the day care unit decided to conduct a survey to evaluate if the practice is in compliance with ASCO/ONS Chemotherapy Administration Safety Standards. The researcher captured data by recording the responses of participants that were mostly ‘yes’ and ‘no’ together with short comments with regard to each standard. The findings were recorded, discussed and evaluated accordingly. After the survey it was discovered that the unit was in compliance with five of the eight ASCO/ONS Chemotherapy Administration Safety Standards. Owing to this, the survey came up with three recommendations that the unit must adhere to and implement them effectively in order to fully comply with chemotherapy administration safety standards The Alfred Health Department of Haematology and Oncology realized that there was need to come up with safety strategies that would result into minimizing the occurrence of and reduction of the risk of errors while increasing efficiency of service to its patients. Consequently, the Oncology department recognized that there were no accessible safety standards that could assist in assessing chemotherapy administration safety. Owing to these facts, the Hospital decided to conduct a survey using the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) standards that were formulated in 2008. These standards were created to assist in the administration of chemotherapy to adult patients in the outpatient setting. The hospital came up with various tools to audit techniques basing on ASCO/ONS standards. The main objective of this research report is evaluating

How cultural and personality differences impact on leadership in Essay

How cultural and personality differences impact on leadership in organizations - Essay Example This in turn is supposed to improve the organization's operational flexibility and thus the ability to deal with change. For the study of leadership, the above mentioned changes have led to the widespread adoption of empowerment strategies. Such an adoption is understandable: if one flattens an organization's structure, there is little choice but to empower the organisations lower-level workers with broader decision-making responsibilities. As a result, the traditional "limits to power" once designated by boundaries of hierarchy and rational authority are blurring [1]. This paper deals with the questions of leadership and how it is affected by culture and personality differences. The paper consists of three major parts, related respectively to leadership, culture and leadership, as well as personality and leadership, each chapter discussing theoretical concepts and empirical research. The New Leadership paradigm incorporated three main categories of theory - transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and culture-based leadership. ... Chapter 2: Transactional and transformational leadership The New Leadership paradigm incorporated three main categories of theory - transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and culture-based leadership. The transactional leadership theorists, including those theorists who explored the concept of leadership through the eyes of followers, explained leadership as contingent on a condition of transaction or exchange between leaders and followers. Alternatively, transformational leadership theory argues that "good" leadership is achieved through more than just tangible inducements. It suggested that leadership can be conceptually organized along a number of charismatic and situationally correlated dimensions [2]: charismatic leadership, inspirational leadership, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration (See Table 1). The culture-based theorists viewed leadership as being culturally specific, where "good" leadership, among other things, primarily depends on whether or not a leader's style is in synchronization with hi s or her organization's culture [1]. The transformational leader has been characterized as one who articulates a vision of the future that can be shared with peers and subordinates, intellectually stimulates subordinates, and pays high attention to individual differences among people. This transformational leader was posited as a contrast to the transactional leader who exchanges rewards contingent upon a display of desired behaviours [3]. Burns considered the transformational leader to be distinct from the transactional leader, where the latter is viewed as a leader who initiates contact with subordinates in an effort to exchange something of value, such as rewards for

Embryonic And Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Biology Essay

Embryonic And Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Biology Essay INTRODUCTION: Stem cells are cells which are found in almost all multicellular organisms. Stem cells was proposed by a histologist Maksimov. A in 1908. They develop into many different types of cells in the body during their early life and growth and serve as a internal repair system in many tissues. Formation of new cells can be seen when stem cells division starts these new cells can either form a stem cell or other types of cells like muscle cells,brain and red blood cells with specialized functions. Stem cells are the objects in biomedical research and are differentiated from other types of cells by two main characteristics. Firstly, Stem cells are the undifferentiated cell types they possess the capacity of both self renewable during cell division. Secondly, Potency which means they can be differntiated into differnt types of specialized cells with specific function.(Bishop et.al., 2002). Stem cells can be totipotent and pluripotent. In some organs like gut or bone marrow the st em cells divide either to replace or repair the damaged or worn out tissues while in other organ system like pancreas they divide under some specific function Totipotent stem cells can give rise to a functional organism as well as to every cell type of the body. Pluripotent stem cells are capable of giving rise to any tissue type, but not to a functioning organism. Multipotent stem cells are more differentiated and thus can give rise only to a few tissue types. For example, a specific type of multipotent stem cell called a mesenchymal stem cell can produce bone, muscle, cartilage, fat, and other connective tissues. (Pittenger et.al., 1999). They are two types of Stem cells 1) Embryonic stem cells 2) Adult stem cells also known as somatic cell or tissue specific. Embryonic stem cells are derived from the blastocysts and are pluripotent instead of totipotent because they do not have the ability to become part of the extra-embryonic membranes or the placenta while the adult cells are present in adult tissues while the stem cells found in developed tissues are the Adult stem cells and the example for this is the hematopoietic stem cells of blood which cannot give rise to the cells of a different tissue, such as nerve cells in the brain (Frankel et.al.,1999). The difference between between embryonic and adult stem cells(somatic) is their origin that is embryonic cells can differntiate into any c ell types but adult stem cells are limited and can differentiate into the cells of their own tissue by this the grown cells wont be rejected by the immune system during treatment and these cells also differ by mutation frequency (James et.al.,2002). The stem cells derived from the human embryo is known as Human embryonic stem cells and these cells are for reproductive purpose. While, in 2006 researchers have observed new type of specialized adult cells this cells are called as Induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs). Parthenogenetic stem cells are also one type of stem cells derived from activated human oocytes USES: Stem cells are useful in treating diseases like diabetis and heart diseases and many works are being done on how to use stem cells for cell based therapies in treating diseases which is also called as regenerative medicine. Stem cells have the ability to replace the damaged cells and can be used in treating heart failures. spinal injuries and parkinsons diseases for example, neural stem cells are able tp regenerate nerve tissue damaged by spinal injury. Stem cells are useful in screening toxins in substances such as pesticides and also used during development of new methods for gene therapy that may help those who are suffering from genetic illiness. They are also used in pharmaceutical industry for testing the new drugs before testing on animal and humans. Induced pluripotent cells are the adult stem cells have been genetically remodelled to an embryonic stem like to express genes and factors which maintains the properties of embryonic stem cells. EMBRYONIC AND INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS: Embryonic stem cells are from the earliest stages of human embryo that develop into eggs by invitro fertilization while other embryos are developed for research and extracted after five days growth. It is known that embryonic stem cells divide indefinitely so only a single embryo can form lines of cells to use for treatment.(Thomson et.al.,1998) These cells are undifferentiated but has a ability to differentiate into any cell, tissue or organ in the body. These stem cells can also become nerve, muscle cells or any other type of human cells. The process involved in formation of ES cells is the ovaries are removed and after 76hours of copulation they are treated with media containing serum overnight.The following day the inner cell mass of embryos are removed and cultured on fibroblast after few weeks colonies grew which showed pluripotent characters referred to as ES cells. Embryonic stem cells are used to treat a host of diseases, such as Parkinsons disease, spinal cord injury, and d iabetes (Martins.,1981). For research, these embryos are destroyed in the process of deriving embryonic stem cells. ES cells have got a great potential for long term therapies but the issue arises regarding safety. Transplanted ES cells have uncontrolled growth and could generate tumours which is seen in laboratory cultures by scientists and there are not sure how they behave inside the body. So, this is to be studied before proceeded in clinical trials while another issue is tissues derived from the ES cells are rejected by patients immune system after transplantation. To overcome this issue tissue rejection currently, drugs can be used which suppresses the immune system but these drugs can be infectious thus drugs without any side effects are being investigated by the researchers or alternatively adult stem cells can be used. The major issue is in process of extracting the embryonic cells the embryos have to be destroyed this is opposed by many people and raises ethical issues. Al ternatives are being investigating by combining the stem cell technology with cloning by a method called (SCNT) somatic cell nuclear transfer.(Stewart et.al.,2007). It is a method which involves insertion of the nuclei of the somatic cell into the oocyte which develops into the embryo. This embryo derives the embryonic stem cell lines which is carried out in several mammalian species but till date No ES cells have been successfully developed by this method and also requires destruction of many embryos compared to other methods. And the other issue by usig this method is therauptic human cloning would lead to reproductive human cloning which leads to maral and social danger. The use of ES cells got many ethical issues as it is derived by destroying the embryos which raises fundamental concers of human life. (Tabar et.al.,2001). Problems associated with stem cell research according to the researchers embryonic stem cells are known for the cell baesd therapies as they are more versatile than adult stem cells but the same properties of these cells make them unusual for therapy as these will migrate all over the body and produce tumours. Growing and maintaining embryonic cell lines prove that they are problematic by performing experiments in mice as some of these get mutated and unusable to the patients. To overcome this problem adult stem cells acan be used to eliminate mutation tissue incompatibility. The pharmaceutical companies could not puruse these therapies due to financial incentives ( Phimister and drazen,2004). Recent advances in stem cells have new applications possible for stem cell based technology. It is now possible to reprogram differentiated human somatic cells into pluripotent cells that are functionally equivalent to embryonic stem cells. In 2006, specialized adult cells are been reprogrammed genetically to assume a stem cell like state called as Induced pluripotent stem cells. (Fenno.et.al., 2008). The use of ES cells as an alternative to oocytes which can be reprogrammed as an Human somatic cells. This can be done by fusion of human embryonic stem cells with fibroblasts which results hybrid cells.(Cowan et.al.,2005). These cells exhibits morphology and growth proper of embryonic stem cells and also express their genes. Transplantation of induced pluripotent cells into mice resulted in tumour containing variety of tissues on injection into the blastocyst showed mouse embryonic development This shows that Induced Pluripotent stem cells can be produced from fibroblast on addition wi th defined factors like oct3/4,Sox2 and klf4(Takahashi and Yamanaka.,2006). Researchers have demonstrated a novel technique for production of IPS cells by transforming Adult Skin cells which is considered as a fast reliable and safe method, viruses were used to insert the specific genes into the adult cell would result in increased potential for adverse outcomes and also increases the chance of genetic defects thus it would affect the patient treating with stem cell therapy.(Soldner et.al.,2009) Thus, alternatively transgenes or reprogramming proteins can used for insertion to overcome the risk and after induction using protein factors or virus free factors that can be removed to induce pluripotency which develops into IPS cells that does not have any risk.(Kaji et.al.,2009) As, IPS cells also raises ethical problems related to germline alterations. However using virus free factors can overcome the problem of germline alteration. In 2010, researchers have used Induced pluripotent stem cells to treat rodents suffering with parkinsons disease and this research was successfull this is done by transplanting the induced pluripotent cell neuron into the rodents mid brain injury which is similar to Parkinsons disease in humans by this the cells became functional and showed improvement. Thus induced pluripotent cells may be useful for future disease models and cell-based therapies. Induced pluripotent stem cells offer immense potential for regenerative medicine and studies of development and diseases. Thus analysis of genomic transcriptional activity, gene activation, allele specific gene expression and DNA methylation shows that the somatic cell was reprogrammed to an embryonic state which provides a system for investigating the mechanisms. To Induce pluripotent somatic properties which are similar to ES cells properties is done by introducing active genes or derivatives of RNA or protein products into the somatic cell but this process of acquiring pluripotency is not genetically but involves Epigenomic Reprogramming. There are differences between ES and IPSC cells regarding chromatin structure and gene expressionby showing few similarities while the other reports show that there is epigenetic differences and alteration. Reprogramming of a somatic cell into pluripotent state requires complete change of Somatic cell to an ES cell like state but this is not repo rted yet. On performing genomic profiling of the DNA methylomes of both ES and Induced pluripotent cells similarities are seen but every single line shows different reprogramming variability compared to both ES cells and other Induced pluripotent stem cells. Patterns of DNA methylation are seen as epigenetic change at the tips and centromeres of the chromososmes and show differences in CG methylation and histone modifications. Thus, Induced pluripotent cells may not be suitable substitute for embryonic cells. (Lister et.al., 2011). CONCLUSION: Human embryonic stem (ES) cell research has been the best way for the cell-based therapies for a number of diseases but the issue raises with destroying the embryos to produce these cells. The use of IPS cells has less ethically problematic than the use of Embryonic cells as production Of IPS cells does not require destroying the embryos. But the use of induced pluripotent cells raises ethical concerns to somatic cell reprogramming as there is a difference seen between the ES and Ips cells and the debate over stem cell therapy is increasingly becoming irrelevant but ethical issues regarding the Embryonic stem cells would not entirely go away.So, the study of all the types of stem cells should be done as it is not known which is useful for the cell replacement therapticus.

Human Evolution In Africa :: essays research papers

Evolution In Africa   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humans, as we consider ourselves, evolved in Africa. Not entirely, but from early primates to our present state. Many people dispute this fact, despite astounding evidence supporting the theory, for various reasons. Showing all the genetic, paleological, and geological proof, I find it very hard indeed to contradict the evidence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  True, humans didn’t evolve entirely in Africa. As a matter of fact the first known ancestors of humans where found in North America, in the Utah Valley. These animals where nothing more than a shrew in the shadow of the dinosaurs. However, with the event that killed the dinosaurs, they where finally allowed to reproduce and spread. At this time, according to isotope dating, the world was averaging 4 times warmer than it now is. As time went on, the small mammal had spread throughout Eurasia. All of Eurasia then was covered in tropical forests. Primates evolved in what is now the Indian Subcontinent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From their placement in India, then still lowland, primates spread throughout the world once more. Some returned to North America, only to be wiped out by rodents already living there. Others spread to Europe and the Middle East.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By this time, Africa had just split from marsupial overrun Gondwanaland. About a million years later it reached the Middle East, and primates moved in. By now the world had cooled enough that the primates in Europe had been decimated to near extinction. They also migrated south, for the Mediterranean Sea was at that time dry lowland. Now almost all of the primates left in the world were in Africa, and the only marsupial that wasn’t wiped out was the opossum. Primates and large cats now ruled, with rodents scarce, which meant that the primates had to adapt to keep from becoming lunch. In light of this, natural selection shows only those primates with larger bodies and higher intelligence survived.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The once rodent sized primates, lemurs, now only exist in Madagascar, which had separated from Africa in the early Eocene Epoch, and where there were no predators to be found. In most of Africa, however, the primates got larger. They shifted evolutionary gears to start becoming apes and hominids. The first apes to evolve, Afropithecus was very small by ape standards. They were dumb tree swingers, but it was by their appearance that we owe our existence, along with chimps, gorillas, and orangutans. These apes, despite their stupidity, were very successful and spread back to India once more.

Obamacare Cons Essay

Even though ObamaCare does a lot right, it does have some consequences for specific groups of Americans. ObamaCare does hurt a small percentage of small businesses, has had a negative effect on insurance premiums and has made some reforms that have hurt some medical industries and their workers. Here are some of the cons of the healthcare bill: ObamaCare Cons: Taxes on Small Business  2% of firms in the US have over 50 full-time employees and will have to choose to insure full-time workers or pay a fine. To avoid this some businesses will cut employee hours or not hire. Some things worth noting are that the fine isn’t paid for your first 30 workers. Also, many businesses are coming up with solutions that don’t hurt the workforce such as passing the extra costs onto consumers. Please be aware that when politicians say, â€Å"small business† they are also referring to the top 3% of small businesses who include Hedge Funds which use loopholes to pass as small businesses. ObamaCare Cons: Religious Beliefs There is some argument over ObamaCare funding women’s health services like contraception. There are exceptions built into the law to refuse to provide these services to women based on religious grounds, but this has non the less been causing issues on the ground, in the political arena and in the courts. ObamaCare Cons: Rising Premiums ObamaCare doesn’t raise premiums itself. In fact, it reforms the insurance industry, finding ways to drive down costs, make the quality of insurance better and prevent insurance company abuses like . Unfortunately, many provisions of ObamaCare that offer protections to consumers do not go into law until 2014. In the meantime, premium rates have been rising at alarming rates. ObamaCare doesn’t offer a protection beyond allowing states to enact the provision against price gouging. Many States are enforcing this, while  others aren’t. ObamaCare Cons: ObamaCare Insurance Exchanges Another con of ObamaCare is that 21 states planning to or are opting out of the State Run Exchanges, letting the federal government run their exchanges for them. The claim is that this is a cost cutting measure for the State, however the truth is much more complicated. This provision was meant to be in the bill, but it is being abused as a way to avoid providing subsidies to low and middle income Americans and forcing the Federal taxpayers to take care of anti-ObamaCare state’s constituents. This has resulted in a 3.5% fee for insurance companies to sell insurance on the federal exchange. Learn more about the State Run Insurance Exchanges. ObamaCare Cons: Tax for Not Buying Insurance Come 2014, you must purchase insurance or pay a â€Å"penalty income tax†. The first year it is $95 or 1% of your income. In order for the program to work at its best ideally everyone would have insurance resulting in affordable quality insurance for all, the tax helps offset the estimated 6 million people will pay the fine in the first year instead of purchasing insurance. ObamaCare Cons: Big Business Taxes Medical device taxes and â€Å"drug innovator† taxes dig into the profits of some of the power houses in their respective industries. These taxes are a reaction to the large profit margins these companies have and the hold they have over the competition. They drive up the cost of health care, thus they are taxed to help pay for health care reform. However, taxes on large businesses may have unintended consequences in the job market and in aspects of the health care industry. We don’t have proof of their effects yet. ObamaCare Cons: Taxes on the 2% The top 2% of businesses and individuals in the US will pay some extra taxes.  You could argue that are closer to the 3% will get hit the hardest because the have the least extra cash to stay in the game with so it hurts them more. However, the most vocal opponents and the ones who fund the anti-ObamaCare campaigns are the big businesses who don’t like regulation, entitlement programs or any tax or program that affects their bottom line. Aside from the above mentioned consequences its important not to make their interests our own. ObamaCare Cons: ObamaCare Hurts Medicare ObamaCare cuts $716 billion from Medicare and reinvests the money back into the program. Since there is such a big overhaul ObamaCare set up a committee to oversee spending and effectiveness. Due to the sheer volume of reforms some of them, even though well intentioned, are sure to have unintended consequences and need adjusting. Although ObamaCare has already helped tens of millions of seniors save money on drugs and get access to better health care, there are some caveats. ObamaCare is projected to cost $1.1 trillion over the next ten years, and in order for the program to work as intended this is going to include funding from the tax payers and from the States. However, the end result of ObamaCare’s spending is a $200 billion dollar reduction of the deficit over the next decade, states also receive between 90 – 100% of funding for most ObamaCare related programs they set up. A few states, including Nevada and Michigan, have done studies that show how the States can save billions with ObamaCare. Health Insurance companies stand to make billions, despite a loss on profit per plan, since they will be insuring millions of new Americans.

Autobiography of a 15 Year Old Essay Example

Autobiography of a 15 Year Old Essay Example Autobiography of a 15 Year Old Essay Autobiography of a 15 Year Old Essay Essay Topic: Autobiography of My Mother On 24th April 1998. merely earlier midnight. the female parent of a four twelvemonth old who had been due for the 3rd of May. felt like her 2nd kid was ready to come in the universe. but her father in-law. who had been among the most honorable doctors of the twenty-four hours. declared it to be false hurting. When the state of affairs got serious. she was eventually admitted. and gave birth to a male child. which was much to the captivation of her male parent in-law. who. now holding two grandchildren. could anticipate at least one of them going a physician in the hereafter. The male child was named Siddhant. and was the newest add-on to the Passey household. I must acknowledge that I had a really safe. and unafraid childhood. much like the dream of most. My male parent. Dr Rajiv Passey. who had given his really last test on the 24th. a twenty-four hours before my birth. was on the brink of a successful calling in cardiology. I have learnt a batch from him in the 15 old ages and 2 months of my being. but I shall come to that subsequently. My female parent. Dr Sarita Passey had been learning organic chemical science for the past 4 old ages and has become a good honoured associate professor today. She has been non merely an inspiration. but has inculcated in me assorted things about life on this planet. My brother. Rohan Passey. who is about five old ages senior to me. was in the same school as I between 6th and 12th criterion and is now making electronics and instrumentality technology from Birla Institute of Technology and Science. Pilani. While both my parents state me continuously that I have taken after merely his worst qualities. I believe that is non true. and he has been one of the most illustrative characters of my life. I have ever been told that I am a spot more cognizant for my age. whether in footings of football cognition. or merely cognizing the exact specifications of all the popular smart phones available. and I accredit that to my brother. Interrupting a stereotype I must state. I have really few distinguished memories of my gramps. One of the oldest distinguishable memory that I possess is of my first twenty-four hours at Sardar Patel Vidyalaya. Of class. that was the twenty-four hours when I met some of the people who are my closest friends today. but I besides remember that I became friends with a individual in the coach who was a twelvemonth older to me and over the twelvemonth. we grew highly close. But when the following session of school started I did non see him in the coach. I was told that his male parent had been transferred from Delhi. and therefore he had changed schools. I feel really ashamed at myself today that I can non even retrieve his name. but the lesson I learnt so is that sometimes you have to allow travel of things. whether they be an intangible facet like friendly relationship. or a touchable thing like my first guitar. which I do non possess any longer. more on that later. In 2002. when I was 4 old ages old. we got our first computing machine. and that I started playing the game Fifa 2002. As usual. it was merely an imitation of what my brother used to make. This game holds huge importance in my life as it was merely through this game that I developed a liking/fancy for football. the athletics which has become a really crucial/momentous facet of my life today. While playing Fifa. I used to retrieve the names of all the participants and squads. and at that clip. an Italian squad. AC Milan became my front-runner. and its star striker. Andriy Shevchenko. my favorite participant. This was the first clip when I dreamed about my hereafter. seeing myself as a football star which is in no manner the state of affairs any longer. But I get in front of myself. I supported AC Milan till 28 May 2006. when Shevchenko left Milan for Chelsea. one of the nines I am least fond of even today. and I had to happen a new nine. It was so that I started back uping a Spanish nine. FC Barcelona. While everybody sought out Ronaldinho as their best participant. my favorite participant was a 19 twelvemonth old. Lionel Messi. I even remember holding written an article in originative composing naming him my graven image. and believing that one twenty-four hours he would go the world’s best participant. This portion about football might look irrelevant. but football has become such a important portion of my life that I couldn’t have perchance written an autobiography without including it. Bing a pupil of Sardar Patel Vidyalaya. I did non hold to confront the awfulness of tests till category 6th. I sometimes feel that deficiency of scrutinies may perchance be the ground why I remember so less about my surveies before category 6th. About a twelvemonth ago. while cleaning my room. I found a few books of category 5 every bit good as category 6. While I could retrieve the exact category for most of the scientific discipline chapter of category 6th. I could hardly make the same for the category 5 book. It might look a small uneven. but I think the lone possible account for this occurring is that I did non truly care much about my surveies till I entered category 6th. which I feel is a good thing. because my early childhood was a clip of great merriment! It was merely when I got to category 6th that I truly started to give much attending to my surveies. I must acknowledge it. I was haunted by the thought of scrutinies. I recall holding one time asked my parents how they used to rank in their category during school. merely to hear that they both had ever come in the top three. I knew by looking at his study cards. that the state of affairs of my brother was more or less the same. I do non cognize whether it was merely a instance of utmost captivation coupled with fright of non being able to fit to my parents’ criterions in scrutiny. but I could non halt believing about the thought of tests till I really gave my first test. I got full Markss in Mathematics. and came second in my subdivision ( I got to cognize my rank merely after inquiring most others their per centums ) . I can state for certain that I would hold been really delighted at that point of clip. After giving a twosome more tests. I came to the decision that it would be really hard to retrieve each and every thing that I study so hard on. and since I did non desire all my attempts to travel waste. I decided I would do notes after every test on whatever perchance I could hold done better. And now that I take my ticker to every test and get down fixing early etc. . this thought could reasonably be responsible for the rise in my per centum. I had been introduced to the thought of competitory tests at in-between school degree by my brother. and the idea was reinforced when my best friend Pratyush told me about the assorted tests organised by the Science Olympiad Foundation including the National Science Olympiad ( NSO ) and International Mathematics Olympiad ( IMO ) . Our school did non organize it for categories below 6th so I gave both of them for the first clip that really twelvemonth. I did non fix really hard for the test and hence got a really mean consequence. and that was when I asked my brother every bit good as Pratyush for some tips sing such tests. and when I was selected for the Ramanujan test in category 7th. I prepared hard this clip and ended up procuring a bronze decoration from among all pupils of Delhi /NCR. It was around this clip that I foremost heard about the National Talent Search Exam ( NTSE ) which was held for category 8th and is considered to be the most esteemed test at school degree. I was really aroused to give the test when I heard about the scholarship it offers and idea I would analyze for the following whole twelvemonth. the manner I had studied about a month before the old test I had given in my school. It was as if clip flew when I found myself holding finished the category 8th first semester tests. with about two months to travel for the first ( province ) degree of NTSE. I told my father- who had ever been an of import usher in all types of studies- that I felt it was excessively late and asked him whether it was deserving it for me to get down fixing now. At that clip he told me. and I quote It is neer excessively late’ . That line gave me the inspiration to travel for it and analyze for the following two months with all my might. I gave the first degree of the test and got ranked 42nd among the 50 pupils selected from Delhi. I was told that if I had qualified the first degree from Delhi. it was really improbable for me to non acquire selected in the 2nd degree. Even so. I had some sum of fright in myself. but I gathered all the finding in myself confidently gave the second degree every bit good as I could hold perchance given it. When the consequences came out. all three of the pupils from our school who had qualified in the first degree. including me and Pratyush. got selected. I ranked highest from our school and 95th All India. among the 1000 pupils selected for scholarship. I had neer seen my parents more proud of me than when I gave them this intelligence. I even retrieve seeing a tear in my mothers’ oculus. but I guess I am excessively immature to grok her feelings at that point. Between the first and 2nd degree of NTSE. I besides gave the Aryabhatta test and came foremost from our school and among the top 50 from Delhi. During these long hours of surveies. my concentration was frequently broken by day-to-day bhajans from the mandir right following to our house. Besides. our tip to Vaishno Devi in 2008 was non precisely a good experience. There were about 20 of us. and we had planned on traveling up to the mandir by a chopper and when all of us except for a household friend had reached. it was announced that the following flights had been cancelled due to the development of a storm. and finally he had to come up on horseback. We had to go all the manner up to the mandir and so back in the heaviest storm I have seen in my life. These two incidents along with the general disposition towards the Godhead in the Indian society made me inquire about his being. I had been taught the Hanuman Chalisa by my female parent and late my female parent had taught me to declaim the undermentioned lines whenever I need God to assist me: Nam Myoho Renge Kyo’ She had been taught this by my Maasi. who had late taken to Buddhism as a 2nd faith. These two things have ever helped me in life and I would ever thank God after every test I passed. or after the smallest of things in which I had asked for his aid. So. after traveling through 100s of pictures on Youtube. and holding questioned my maasi a figure of times. I came to the decision that there will neer be a scientific cogent evidence for the presence or absence of God. We can merely organize our ain sentiment about the Almighty. And I personally believe that there is a God out at that place who does everything for a ground. The ground might look to be inauspicious for some people at first. but it ever has a much greater good’ attached with it. A recent lesson larning event in my life was related to football. I have supported Barcelona of all time since. and it was a dream semen true when my male parent told me we are traveling to Spain for our trip this really twelvemonth. Before traveling to the trip. my male parent arranged for the tickets of a lucifer that was traveling to be held in Barcelona. I had neer been so aroused in my life than when I heard my male parent give me this astonishing intelligence. We foremost went to Madrid. and we visited the whole museum nowadays in the bowl of Barcelona’s rival nine. Real Madrid. I was evidently aroused thought that we would see the museum of the nine that I fancy the most every bit good. But when we got to Barcelona. I realised that there was no clip left at all for us to see the museum. The lone twenty-four hours possible was the twenty-four hours of the lucifer. but my male parent rejected my supplications as the household we had come with ( my bua’s household ) had thought of it as a twenty-four hours of remainder. When eventually the twenty-four hours arrived. it rained really to a great extent. and in no manner would it hold been possible for us to see the museum. That twenty-four hours I realised that one can non hold everything. and one needs to remain content with what one has. I went to the lucifer that twenty-four hours and enjoyed it more than anything else in my life. I ab initio thought of this undertaking to be nil but a sheer waste of clip. But now that I’ve finished it. I’ve come to gain that it was an experience through which I could understand my life and the forces that have shaped me. and lay a foundation for a much more hard and ambitious life yet to come. the journey of going a physician. It is merely now that the undermentioned quotation mark by Fernando Pessoa makes sense to me: Direct experience is an equivocation. or a hiding topographic point. for those without any imaginativeness. To narrate is to make. while to populate is simply to be lived.

History of the Australian Referendum during the 1967

History of the Australian Referendum during the 1967 Introduction The state of Australia before the referendum in 1967 was one related to a racist nation. During the year 1900, the British colonialists invaded Australia. To them, the nation was not habited and the aborigines, who lived in Australia, were part of the environment. The constitution that was drafted by the colonialists depicted high levels of inequalities (Crotty Roberts, 2009). The rights of the white settlers were highly upheld while those of the aborigines were diminishing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Australian Referendum during the 1967 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discussion During the 1967 referendum, various parts of the Australian constitution were questioned and changed. The first part was the one that stated who the commonwealth laws should govern (Attwood Markus, 2007). The constitution stated that commonwealth laws were only made for the whites and not the aborigines. It, therefore, implied that the aborigines had no constitutional rights under the commonwealth laws. The other section was the part that stated who should be counted during the national census. According to the 1900 constitution, the aborigines were not counted. The section was altered to give the aboriginal community an opportunity to be counted as part of the Australian citizens. So many people fought for a change in the Australian constitution. This act took them more than 10 years. The year 1967 was a major turning point in Australia as most of the people came out to vote for the alteration of the constitution. More than 90 percent of the populace voted in favour of the changes. The referendum was a breakthrough for the aboriginal people, who were counted later as part of the Australian citizens during the country’s population census. In addition, the aborigines came under the commonwealth statutes as opposed to the state regulations. The new constitution therefore was pa ssed on August 1967. The outcome of the referendum was of great benefit to the aborigines. First, it assisted in the removal of the initial rules of the aborigine act of 1905 that gave chief guardian of aborigines power over all aborigines up to the age of 16. The power of this guardian was much higher than that of a parent to her own child. The guardian could take children away from their families as he wish. These children were taken to the home of the white settlers or to some separate hostels. The parents were not informed on the whereabouts of their children, who, sometimes, were being subjected to torture. This act created some form of trauma for both parents and children as it at times involved some brutality. After the referendum, this role was scrubbed and it was a relief to the aborigines. The chief guardian also had control of the adult populace of aborigines. They were to seek permission for marriage; they did not have freedom of movement or right to own property. The ch anges of 1967 assured them these rights (Mason, Hill Davis, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The new constitution also granted the aboriginal people the right to be Australian citizens. This right will ensure that they are not controlled by the aborigine’s act of 1905. The breakthrough of 1967 gave them this chance. The 1905 aborigines act allowed the aboriginal people to apply to be citizens of Australia so that they cannot be controlled by the act. The situation of the aboriginal people was to be improved through giving the people access to education, equal employment opportunities and contribute to the economy (Goot Rowse, 2007). They were to face a panel, which will assess their qualification for citizenship. Once it is granted, the chief protector had the ability to snatch it when he feels like. The changes in the constitution than more than 90 pe rcent of the population voted for showed that Australian people were tired of the existing racial discrimination. The event was worth celebrating, as it is a show of social equality, power lying on the people and a choice against discrimination (Attwood, Markus Schilling, 1997). This occurrence did not do away with the nature of ruling that existed in Australia. The government of Australia in most times forgot to seek advice from the aborigines on the ruling of the country. Now, the aboriginal populace still have a shorter life expectancy as compared to their non-indigenous counterparts. According to statistics, it is evident that the challenges of poor health, housing, education and high rates of unemployment are the main challenges facing the aborigines (Crotty Roberts, 2008). Despite the fact that the 1967 referendum was a breakthrough for the aborigines, there are times when it is clear that Australian community is fighting the battle of addressing fully the needs of the abori gines. The only impeccable period that showed that the Australians were concerned with the interests of the aborigines was during the referendum. There has been a moment of silence since the change of the Australian constitution. The forms of inequalities carried out by the constitution in silence have made the Australian people to look back to the evils that existed before the 1967 referendum. Conclusion The 1967 referendum did not bring about the end to racial discrimination that was in existence in Australia. It led to an improvement in the relationship between the aborigines and the entire Australian nation. The legacy that arose from the referendum is to some extent the most enduring (Tungate, 2007). The relationship that developed between the state and federal government became that of putting blame on one another. References Attwood, B., Markus, A., Schilling, K. (1997). The 1967 referendum, or,  When Aborigines didnt get the vote. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.Advert ising We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Australian Referendum during the 1967 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Attwood, B., Markus, A. (2007). The 1967 referendum: race, power and the Australian  Constitution (2nd ed.). Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press. Crotty, M., Roberts, D. (2008). Turning Points in Australian History. Sydney: University of NSW Press. Crotty, M., Roberts, D. (2009). Turning points in Australian history. Sydney, N.S.W.: UNSW Press. Goot, M., Rowse, T. (2007). Divided Nation ?: Indigenous affairs and the imagined  public. Carlton: Melbourne University Press. Mason, K., Hill, K., Davis, R. (2007). Celebrating Aboriginal rights?: 16  July 7 September 2007, Tony Albert [et al.]. North Ryde: Macquarie University. Tungate, M. (2007). Adland: a global history of advertising. London: Kogan Page.

Blackberry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Blackberry - Essay Example The reports will conclude with specific approaches for specific managerial problems providing clarity to the reader. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Discussion & Analysis 9 Managerial Decision Making 9 Conclusion 19 Recommendations 21 References 28 Introduction Blackberry is a popular handset device manufactured by the Research in Motion (RIM) headquartered in Waterloo. RIM had revolutionized the mobile industry with the introduction of the Blackberry handset in the year 1999 (Blackberry, 2013a).The launch of Blackberry products and services had changed the lifestyle and perception of the customers. The Blackberry handsets are multifunctional, offering services like capturing videos, games, music application, web browsing, emailing and other miscellaneous functions. The USP of the handset is that it offers instant messaging options to customers while maintaining a high level of security through message encryption and also serves the purpose of a multi digital functional assista nt. Recently, the company launched a tablet named The Blackberry Playbook (Blackberry, 2013b). The handset devices offer services like Enterprise Mobile Computing and Enterprise Mobility Management which enables the customers to utilize advanced technology and solve their problems. The blackberry technical services support system extends technical services and guidance to customers having problem in using the handset. The company’s stock is listed in NASDAQ and BBRY and the group is currently led by Mr. Thorsten Heins. The report highlights the various challenges faced by the management of Blackberry and the root cause of the problems. The author of the report will also provide remedial solutions which could have prevented the matter from aggravating further. The company has been facing severe technological, managerial and human resource challenges which will be highlighted in the report. The report will also highlight the various causes which led to downfall of the company a nd reduction in the market share. Finally, the report will conclude with suggestions that can help improve the existing strategic position of Blackberry. Background of the Problem The company’s popularity soared with the introduction of the Blackberry Pager and the Blackberry Pearl 8100. The pager become one of the most popular mobile handsets of and had attracted several customers. The CEO of Verizon communications was one of the first business enterprises had ordered RIM interactive pagers worth $70 million. The Blackberry Pearl phone was a unique phone which offered services like instant messaging, excellent camera features, smooth touch interface and other strong multimedia capabilities. The introduction of Blackberry Pearl 8100 was largely influenced by the emergence of Apple iPhone. Initially, the management of Blackberry did not consider the emergence of Apple iPhone as a threat due to its immense popularity however with the increase in the sales of Apple iPhone the ma nagement of Blackberry started considering Apple as serious threat. The sudden emergence of Apple in the mobile phone industry prompted the management of Blackberry to develop advanced phones like Blackberry Storm. Blackberry Storm was the first touch screen phone developed by Blackberry to attract potential customers. Blackberry had become a majority revenue contributor for RIM. However, the sales of the company started declining and the

TURING MACHINE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TURING MACHINE - Essay Example In spite of its minimalism, a Turing machine could be modified to reproduce the logic of some computer algorithm, as well as this machine is mainly useful in illuminating the operations of a CPU within of a computer (Suber, 2002). This paper will present deep analysis of the different functionalities, operations, and uses of Turing machine. According to Weisstein (2009) the concept of the Turing machine was initially presented by Alan Turing in 1937. He also invented the initial Turing machine that was presented like an idealized model intended for mathematical computation. A Turing machine composed of a line of cells acknowledged as a "tape" that can be moved back as well as forth. In a Turing machine there is an active component "head" that has a feature acknowledged as "state" that is capable to transform the attribute recognized as "color" of the active cell below it, and also a set of commands for how the head needs to be adjusted by the active cell as well as shift the tape. In addition, the machine can transform the color of the Turing machine active cell at any step. Also, it can transform the position of the head, and moving the tape one step towards right or left (Weisstein, Turing Machine, 2009; Sipser, 2005). Copeland (2000), discusses about Universal Turing Machine (UTM), which is a Turing machine that is capable to replicate other Turing machine. An additional mathematically-oriented description by a related "universal" nature was presented by Alonzo Church, whose effort on lambda calculus linked with Turing in a prescribed hypothesis of computation identified as the Church–Turing theory. The theory presents that a Turing machines certainly holds the informal view of useful technique in mathematics as well as in logic, and also offers an accurate explanation of a mechanical procedure or algorithm (Copeland, 2000). According to Aanderaa (2006), a

Case Study Bribery Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study Bribery - Coursework Example h companies are liable if its authorized officials commit a bribery act unlike FCPA that does not outline a strict liability offence for corporations. Under the FCPA, there must be a proof of corrupt intention, but the bribery Act is stringent since there is no requirement for improper intent as such situations constitute general bribery offence. The FCPA creates certain loopholes that make companies engage in corruption since companies are allowed to incur promotional expenses that may either be in the form of gifts, entertainment or incentives in order to secure contracts. However, the UK bribery act does not make an exemption for promotional expenses. There are various reasons why companies have continued to violate the FCPA in the recent past such as the poor prosecution abilities, the loopholes inherent in the Act and unethical corporate governance practices in the US. Some of the companies that have been charged by the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) in the recent past for engaging in bribery include BHP Billiton, Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Avon Products Inc, Bruker Corporation and Hewlett-Packard. The companies have exploited the weak foreign legislation on bribery and the exemption on promotional expenses that is created by the FCPA to engage in acts of bribery. The FCPA has limited territorial reach and may fail to apply in some cases when the bribery act takes place outside the US borders. Another reason for this bribery trend is the less severe criminal penalties for bribery since prosecutors have imposed small company fines for violation and up to five years imprisonment. There are difficulties experienced in determining when a minor gift, entertainment or incentive constitutes a bribe since the anti-bribery law allows for companies to incur promotional expenses which are reasonable and bona fide expenditures related to a contract. The provision for making small gifts or incentives constitutes an important aspect of cultivating

Observational Essay Essay Example for Free

Observational Essay Essay Observations are a type of primary research that involves spending time watching people or other creatures interact with each other and the world around them. Observations are used in nearly every field and can be incredibly useful in gathering information. Types of Participation Before observing, consider how you as an observer may alter the event being observed.  ·How fully will you participate in the event?  ·Will you simply sit, watch, and take notes with no interaction?  ·Will you interact with the participants?  ·Will you become a participant yourself? These different choices can radically change what you end up observing. The mere presence of an observer may alter the eventsand if you interact with participants, you further risk changing what takes place. The other side to this is that by not participating in an event, you may not gain a complete understanding of that event. How to Observe When observing, it is especially important to separate observations from your feelings or reactions to observations. A good way to do this is to take your observations in a double-entry notebook. A double-entry notebook has two columns, one for what is directly observed and one is for what the observer interprets from the events. Here is an example: Observation: The teacher walks around the circle and speaks to each student individually. Interpretation: The teacher seems to want to make sure that each student understands the assignment. If you are observing a group that is not found in public (such as a group of card players, a sports team, or a special-interest group), it may be wise to plan to spend multiple sittings with the group. This will allow the group some time to adjust to your presence (and hence, for you to get more accurate observations). Recordings vs. Note-taking How will you be observing? Will you be taking notes in a notebook? With a laptop? Will you be recording your observations in some way (with a digital camera, video camera, digital recorder, etc? How you choose to observe is  another important consideration that can affect the quality and results of your observations. Remember that you cannot capture everything that takes place with a recording or by even by taking detailed notes. What to Observe Observational skills require some practice! The key to being a good observer is to pay attention to the details of a situation, write as much as you can, and write it as detailed as possible. Before you observe, you should consider how you will focus your observationsbecause you cant focus on everything! Research is required for this essay. Read the sample observational essays and note how the students integrated research into their work. source: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/559/07/ Write an observational essay about an intriguing place, person, or activity in your community. Your essay may be a brief profile of an individual based on one or two interviews: a description of a place or activity observed once or twice; or a longer, more fully developed profile of a person, place, or activity based on observational visits and interviews conducted over several days. Observe your subject closely, and then present what you have learnedin a way that both informs and engages readers. Use lots of description. Possible topicideas for observation (see your text for more ideas): -a church or temple (interview the minister/members) -a classroom (interview teacher/students) -a popular hangout -a hospital -any place that’s different or gets you outside of your comfort zone -a ride along with an officer -an AA meeting -a protest -a jail -hospice -homeless shelter -shelter for abused women with children

Looking At The Issues Surrounding Adoption Social Work Essay

Looking At The Issues Surrounding Adoption Social Work Essay This short study concerns my experiences in dealing with an adopted service user who wishes to establish contact with her birth mother. The essay takes up the case of J, a 46 year old divorced lady who finds out about her history of adoption after the death of her adopted parents. J tries to directly establish contact with her biological mother, who refuses to meet her, leaving J traumatised and emotionally devastated. The case scenario is provided in the appendix to this essay and is considered as read. This reflective and analytical account concerns (a) my experiences in dealing with Js problems and needs, (b) my thoughts and theoretical knowledge of social work theory and practice with regard to children who are put up for adoption at birth, (c) their various emotional and physical challenges, and (d) the desire that is sometimes manifested by them during various stages of their lives to establish contact with their biological parents. It makes use of established social work theories like the attachment theory and the separation anxiety theory. I also take up the growing prevalence of the use of social networking sites by adopted children to establish contact with their long separated birth parents, and the social work mechanisms available in the UK to facilitate meetings between adopted children and their birth parents. The Challenges of Adoption J was put up for adoption at birth and was adopted by foster parents. She grew up in her foster home in the company of her siblings, who were the birth children of her adoptive parents. The fact of her adoption was however concealed from her by her adopters. J grew up with some feelings of unease between her and her siblings and adoptive parents and suffered from low self esteem when she was young. She also displayed some behavioural problems and found it difficult to establish friendships with other children. Adoption is undoubtedly an important and beneficial social process. It serves the critical needs of different individuals (Howe and Feast, 2000, p 34). It relieves natural parents of the onerous responsibilities of bringing up children when their circumstances make it impossible for them to do so, on account of social and economic reasons. It ensures safety, security, physical and emotional nourishment, education and improved life chances for unwanted, orphaned or abandoned children (Howe and Feast, 2000, p 34). It also fulfils the needs of childless couples, single people, and families for a child. Whilst adoption is undoubtedly an important social process, it brings along with it different types of social, economic and emotional challenges for all involved people, the child placed for adoption, the birth parents and the adopters (Howe and Feast, 2000, p 34). Adopted children, numerous studies have revealed, are prone to the adverse consequences of attachment disorders and separation anxiety (Cassidy Shaver, 1999, p 11). John Bowlby, well known for his advancement of the attachment theory, explains the critical importance for infants to develop secure attachments to their primary care givers. Bowlby states that attachment processes between infants and caregivers are biologically based, chosen by evolution to maximise survival chances, and aim to provide infants with feelings of security (Cassidy Shaver, 1999, p 11). Such security provides infants with the foundations required to explore their environments, with the full knowledge that their caregivers will be able and available to provide them with protection in the face of adversity or stress (Cassidy Shaver, 1999, p 11). The separation of children from their primary caregivers often results in feelings of separation anxiety and the development of attachment disorders if their attachment needs are not met or resolved effectively (Blum, 2004, p 538). Studies on adopted children show that positively formed attachments between children and caregivers improve chances of well adjusted lives, irrespective of the biological relationships of attachment figures with children (Blum, 2004, p 538). Whilst it is known that J was put up for adoption at birth, the exact age at which she was adopted is not clear. Research shows that that children adopted after 6 months of age are at greater risk for development of attachment disorders (Blum, 2004, p 538). Such attachment disorders can lead to emotional disturbance, eating disorders, bedwetting, lack of performance at school, difficulty in development of positive relationships, withdrawal from society and poor life outcomes (Blum, 2004, p 538). The adoptive parents need to take special care to ensure good adjustment of their adopted children. It is important for them parents to meet the needs of infants for love and nurturing on a consistent basis (Brisch, 1999, p 79). Adoption requires an active role from adoptive parents who assume the role of caregivers. As adopted infants explore their new and alien environment, adoptive parents must provide the required guidance, supervision and structure to ensure their safety (Brisch, 1999, p 79). Caregivers must also have the capacity and ability to provide levels of stimulation that do not overwhelm or stifle the infants developmental level. They must be attentive to the internal world of infants by being emotionally available to help them during periods of frustration, rejoice in their achievements and share their joy of exploration (Brisch, 1999, p 79). Secure attachments create positive feelings in children that relationships can be helpful, fulfilling, and valuable and provide adequate protection in an occasionally overwhelming world (Blum, 2004, p 545). Whilst secure attachments do not secure immunity from subsequent psychopathology, childhood security is certainly related to (a) increased capacities for stress management and ability to rebound after periods of psychological disturbance, (b) capacity to manage family stressors, (c) increased self-esteem, (d) good peer relationships, and (e) good psychological adjustment (Blum, 2004, p 545). Contemporary psychiatric theory states that adopted children often need therapeutic parenting, rather than normal domestic environments. Such parenting should be based on principles like sensitivity, responsiveness, following the lead of the child, the sharing of congruent and inter-subjective experiences and the creation of an environment of safety and security (Goldsmith, et al, 2004, p 2). Parents, in order to engage in such therapeutic parenting, require to be committed to adopted children, have reflective abilities, good insightfulness and secured mental states with respect to attachment (Goldsmith, et al, 2004, p 2). With J showing evidence of emotional disturbance and behavioural problems during her childhood, it is possible that her parents, whilst providing her with a normal and secure domestic environment, did not place great emphasis in responding to her specific emotional needs. Their concealment of her adopted status is possibly an indicator of their concern for the child and their desire to protect her emotions and feelings. Contemporary psychological and social theories however recommend that children be informed of their adopted status (Hollingsworth, 1998, p 303). Such information, when provided with sensitivity and in appropriate circumstances and environmental surroundings, prevents adopted children from experiencing emotional traumatisation when they otherwise inevitably come to know of their history of adoption and helps them in adjusting to their new homes (Hollingsworth, 1998, p 303). Knowledge of birth parents is also important, both for the adoptive parents and the adopted chil dren, in order to effectively cope with possible medical problems (Hollingsworth, 1998, p 303). J came to know about her adopted status by accident when she was 42, after the death of her adoptive parents. The knowledge left her emotionally traumatised and brought back memories of her childhood and of feelings of strain in her relationships with her adoptive parents and their birth children. It is however but fair to realise that Js parents very possibly had her best interests at heart and were also unaware of the future impact of not informing her of her adopted status. Reunion of Adopted Children with Birth Parents J, on knowing of her adopted status and the name of her birth mother, became emotionally disturbed because was not informed of the facts of her adoption, or about her birth parents. Adopted children, as they grow older, often become curious about their birth parents, especially so in situations of little or no contact (Adoption UK, 2010, p 1). Studies by Adoption UK, a national charity operated by adopters, reveals that all adopted children do not wish to know or contact their birth parents. Such desires are essentially personal, with some adoptees wishing to know more and others having little interest (Adoption UK, 2010, p 1). It is however also true that people who are not interested in contacting their birth parents when they are young, change when they become older, especially after they become parents and experience desires of knowing, contacting and establishing relationships with their own birth parents (Adoption UK, 2010, p 1). The emergence of social networking sites like Facebook and My Space have made it far easier for adopted children, who wish to know more about their parents, to establish contact with their birth families (Fursland, 2010, p 1). Such accessibility has introduced significant complexities in the social relationships of adopted children with their adopted and birth parents and is creating difficult challenges for social workers when they are asked for assistance by individuals in need (Fursland, 2010, p 1). Establishment of contact between adopted children and birth parents is an extremely sensitive issue and needs to be handled with care and sensitivity (Adoption UK, 2010, p 2). Adoption reunion can be a truly enriching and joyful experience, full of anticipation, twists and turns, joy, confusion, excitement, and fear. However reunion, like adoption, is not simple and can turn out to be a difficult, complex and sometimes saddening event (Adoption UK, 2010, p 2). Reconnecting with birth parents and children is rarely seamless and easy. It requires dedication, motivation, and a leap of faith (Adoption UK, 2010, p 2). Adoption reunions often give rise to complicated issues that have been dormant for decades and have to now be dealt with and resolved. Many birth parents may have never have shared their childs adoption with anybody else (Howe and Feast, 2000, p 57). Some birth mothers protect their secret because they are afraid of how others might or will react. For some mothers it is a matter of shame and they are instructed not to reveal their secrets to others (Howe and Feast, 2000, p 57). The National Adoption Standards for England, (Department of Health, 2001), along with the Adoption and Children Act 2002, provided birth parents in England and Wales entitlement to a support worker, apart from the childs social worker, from the point of identification of the adoption plan for the child (Goldsmith, et al, 2004, p 4). The Standards state that birth parents (a) should be able to access different types of support services, including counselling, advice and information before and after adoption, which recognise the long term implications of adoption, and (b) should be treated with transparency, fairness and regard during the adoption process (Goldsmith, et al, 2004, p 4). Most adopted children now have plans for direct or indirect post-adoption contact with birth relatives. Agencies are required to identify contact arrangements in adoption plans and consider post-adoption support requirements of all concerned (Goldsmith, et al, 2004, p 4). Existing regulations like The Adoption Support Services Regulations entitle adopted children, adoptive parents, and birth relatives for need assessment regarding contact arrangements and mandate agencies to maintain services to help such contact arrangements (Adoption UK, 2010, p 2). Helping J J contacted us for support on making contact with her birth parents. The Adoption and Children Act of 2002 has established a framework that provides adopted people, who are more than 18 years old and their birth relatives, rights to request for intermediary services if they wish to make such contacts. Such intermediaries are provided by registered adoption agencies, (either voluntary or local authority), or registered adoption support agencies and act as mediators between adopted people and their birth relatives. It is recommended that people wishing to make contact with birth relatives do so through intermediaries. J was informed about the intermediary process and services that could be provided by me in mediating with her birth mother but decided to contact her directly. When J contacted our agency and the case was assigned to me to help her with her emotional challenges and her desire to establish her birth mother, I engaged her in a long discussion in order to assess her emotional status, her views about her adopted childhood and her desire to meet her birth mother. I met her at her home on two occasions after taking prior appointments in order to ensure that she was prepared for the meeting and would be able to convey her thoughts better in familiar surroundings. I took care to adopt the person centred approach and deliberately avoided all judgemental feelings about her background as a relinquished and adopted child. The adoption of a person centred approach is necessary for the true implementation of anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory approaches and I was able to understand Js emotional and mental condition with greater clarity and empathy (Mearns and Thorne, 2007, p 9). Whilst my choice of open and close ended questions did help her in opening up and in shedding her inhibitions and reservations, I found her to be disturbed about her adopted status. She appeared to be disturbed with her adoptive parents for their concealment of information about her birth, her birth parents and her adoption, and kept talking of small incidents of her childhood about her parents and siblings. She also spoke about her behavioural problems, her disturbed sleep and her difficulties in making friends at school. J was however determined to establish contact with her mother and decided to contact her as soon as she found out her contact details. I offered to act as intermediary and contact her mother in order to assess (a) her views on the relinquishment of her birth child, (b) her current emotional status and (c) her attitude towards establishing contact with J. The lady (J) was however unwilling to wait even for a few days and was convinced that her mother would like to meet her as much as she did. I did mildly explain to her that her mother could have different opinions on the issue and even offered to expedite the process. Whilst J did provide some indication of being ready for my help at the closure of our second meeting, she subsequently changed her mind and established direct contact with her birth mother. Her birth mother, from what J told me later, was absolutely surprised at receiving the call and was taken aback by the development. She responded to Js introductory communication wit h brusqueness and asperity, informing her that she did not wish to respond to her overture or to establish contact. I do feel that J acted with great haste and the result of the initiative could well have been very different with the use of an intermediary. I would have telephoned Js mother and asked for a personal meeting. I would have again adopted a person centred approach, refrained from being judgemental, and would have engaged her in discussions about her reasons for relinquishing her birth child. I would have then gently brought up the matter of J, her adopted childhood, the concealment of information about her adopted status, and her current emotionally disturbed condition. I do feel that such an approach would have yielded a better response from her mother than Js arbitrary method of establishing contact. Conclusions This reflective account details my experiences of dealing with an adopted service user, who tried to unsuccessfully establish contact with her birth mother. Modern day theory on social work and psychology stresses upon the complexity of adoption and the various challenges that the process brings up for the adopted children, the adopters and the birth relatives. Adopters have particularly significant responsibilities in ensuring, possibly through the use of therapeutic parenting methods, that their adopted children do not suffer from separation anxieties and do not develop attachment disorders. It is important for social workers to understand the emotional implications of these complexities and consider the emotional needs of all involved people with empathy and understanding. It is also important, as my experience with J reveals, for adoption reunion processes between adopted individuals and their birth relatives to be handled with great care and thought. I do feel that I should have been more persuasive and possibly more forthright, without being judgemental, with J on (a) the possibly very different perceptions of her birth mother towards the meeting, (b) the compulsions that forced her to relinquish her birth child for adoption and (c) her current emotional condition and social environment. Such an action would have possibly produced better results at the end. My knowledge of social work theory and practice has been significantly enhanced by my experience with J and will help me to deal with such situations much better in future. Word Count: 2625, without citations and bibliography Bibliography Adoption UK, 2010, Wanting to know more or not, Available at: www.adoptionuk.org/information/217131/wanting_to_know_more/ (accessed January 30, 2011). Blum, H. P., 2004, Separation-Individuation Theory and Attachment Theory, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association,  (52): 535-553. Bowlby, J., Parkes, C. 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